In order to improve performance of automatic transmissions (ATs), new concepts of ATs are introduced, such as torque converter ATs with a large number of gears and hybrid dual clutch transmission (HDCT). The paper first presents a powertrain model of an advanced 10-speed torque converter AT, and outlines the use of a modern control trajectory optimisation tool in gaining insights into optimal control action and shift performance. The emphasis is then on HDCT systems, including overview of most common HDCT configurations, bond graph modelling and analysis, and control trajectory optimisation. The bond graph analysis illustrates the possibilities of improving the transmission shift performance by utilising the incorporated electric motor. The analysis findings are then quantitatively illustrated by optimisation results, which point out that a proper electric motor action results in significant reductions of vehicle jerk.